Cephalexin

Cephalexin
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Indications

  • Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections.
    • Impetigo.
    • Folliculitis.
    • Furuncles.
    • Carbuncles.
    • Cellulitis.
    • Ecthyma.
    • Erysipelas.
    • Sycosis Barbae.
    • Postoperative wound infections.
  • Severe infections(iv).
    • Complicated cellulitis.
    • Necrotizing fasciitis.

Dosage

  • Cephalexin : 25–100 mg/kg/day divided q6h or q12h (pediatric dosge) & 250–500 mg 4 times daily (adult dosage).
  • Impetigo :250 mg 4 times per day PO (adults) & 25 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses PO (children).
  • Skin And Soft Tissue Infection: (Methicillin-Susceptible S. Aureus): 500 mg 4 times per day PO (adults) & 25 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses PO (children).
  • Non–Purulent Cellulitis:500 mg PO 4 times daily  10-day course.
  • Sycosis Barbae : 500 mg four times a day.
  • Infections following Animal or Human Bites: 500 mg four times per day.
  • Staphylococcus Aureus Suppression In Atopic Dermatitis :Cephalexin  250 mg four times daily 2-week course.

Renal Dosing.

  • CrCL 10–40 mL/min: q8–12h.
  • CrCl < 10 mL/min: q12–24h.

Side effects

Frequency Not Defined

  • Abdominal pain.
  • Agitation.
  • Anemia.
  • Angioedema.
  • Confusion.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Dizziness.
  • Dyspepsia.
  • Elevated transaminases.
  • Eosinophilia hemolytic.
  • Epidermal necrolysis.
  • Erythema multiform.
  • Fatigue.
  • Gastritis.
  • Genital pruritus.
  • Hallucinations.
  • Headache.
  • Hemolytic anemia.
  • Hypersensitivity.
  • Nephritis.
  • Neutropenia.
  • Pseudomembranous colitis.
  • Thrombocytopenia.
  • Transient hepatitis.
  • Toxic epidermal necrolysis.
  • Urticaria.
  • Vaginal discharge.
  • Vomiting.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to drug/class.

Interactions

  • Nephrotoxicity: aminoglycosides.
  • Increased levels of cephalosporins: probenecid.
  • Decreased efficacy of cephalosporins: oral contraceptives.

Pregnancy &Lactation

  • Category B.
  • Excreted into human milk, Occasionally disruption of the infant’s gastrointestinal flora, resulting in diarrhea or thrush have been reported with cephalosporins, Cephalexin is acceptable in nursing mothers.

Precautions

  • Adjust dose in severe renal insufficiency (high doses may cause CNS toxicity).
  • Prolonged use is associated with fungal or bacterial superinfection.
  • Prolonged treatment, hepatic or renal disease, or nutritional deficiency may be associated with increased international normalized ratio (INR).
  • Use with caution in patients with history of hypersensitivity to penicillin.

Drug Info

  • Cephalexin is best absorbed from an empty stomach.
  • Nail changes have been described following treatment with cephalexin


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